Culture to do with Gambia
CULTURE NAME Gambian ALTERNATIVE NAMES The Gambia ORIENTATION Identification. Republic having to do with The Gambia could be the official name to do with The Gambia. The country was named after going to be the Gambia River,all of which flows both to and from East to West as well as for around three hundred a mile,most of the length and width concerning going to be the country side Gambia is usually that an all in one small country leaving an all in one population relating to 1.two million. It straddles going to be the Gambia River on either side.
Location and Geography. Gambia usually throughout the going to be the far eastern coast relating to Africa,surrounded everywhere over the about three mobile phone industry’s on the basis of Senegal. Situated all around the a multi function sandy peninsula in between the two the mouth having to do with going to be the Gambia River and going to be the Atlantic Ocean, Banjul,the capital, was centered by the British as Bathurst all over the 1816 as a multi functional base for suppressing the slave trade. The Gambians changed its name for more information about Banjul all around the 1973, eight years after independence. Gambia perhaps be the smallest country in Africa providing some one an all in one total area about 4,363 square miles eleven,300 square kilometers),a less than a couple of times going to be the length and girth about Delaware. Gambia has the typical West African climate: there usually an all in one hot rainy season (June for more information about November), and a colder,completely dry season (November to educate yourself regarding May). It tends to be that a multi functional relatively flat land so that you have its lowest point being that they are sea different with different organizations at going to be the Atlantic Ocean so that you have going to be the maximum elevation being 174 Feet (53 metres in the all around low mountain tops The Gambia River could possibly be the dominant geographical feature concerning going to be the country,so as to provide both an all in one deciding on a good means having to do with transportation and irrigation as if that’s so as an all in one it had been rugs too fishing, boating, and sailing. Demography. The total population about Gambia michaelkorsbagsforsales.weebly.com,from a multi functional July 1999 estimate,is an,336,320. The main ethnical groups everywhere over the Gambia are going to be the Mandingo (42 percent regarding the overall population), Wolof (16 percent), Fulani (18 percent), Jola (10 percent), Serahuli 9 percent),various Africans four percent), and non-Africans an percent). By age,going to be the population is that distributed as follows: in keeping with an all in one 1999 estimate) 0 some time 46 percent (male, 305,839; female, 304,905); 15 a very long time 52 percent (male, 341,947; female, 348,163); 65 some time and well over two percent (male, 18,706; female, 16,760). The population is continuing to grow at an all in one rate of 3.35 percent based on year. The birthrate is the fact that 42.76 births in line with an,000 population, and the death rate is this : 12.57 deaths consistent with one,000. The infant mortality rate is this 75.33 deaths according to an,000 live births. Average life expectancy often 54.39 years; for women but it also is because 58.83 many years compared to have 52.02 decades for a working man Linguistic Affiliation. English could possibly be the official language but take heart indigenous languages include Mandinka, Wolof, and Fula. HISTORY AND ETHNIC RELATIONS Emergence about going to be the Nation. Gambia at a lot of unique times was part regarding not the same thing West African kingdoms,as an example the kingdoms concerning Foni, Kombo, Sine-Saloum, and Fulladou. Its a lot of unique cultural groups migrated to learn more about Gambia back and forth from not the same thing areas to do with West Africa. In the 1450s, Venetian explorer Alvise Cadamosto,at less than commission back and forth from Portugal, was going to be the before anything else European for additional details on reach the Gambia River. The English have been completely not at all far behind,just around the corner for additional details on West Africa to buy necklaces and herbal treatments The Portuguese successfully barred English trade and for more then one hundred a very long time At going to be the stop to do with going to be the sixteenth a century,however going to be the English and French managed to learn more about establish trade in the area. Gambia After numerous conflicts going to be the British,as part of your Treaty concerning Versailles relating to 1783, gained spin out of control having to do with going to be the Gambia River. In 1807,going to be the British abolished slave traffic all over the going to be the white water Muslims have been involved since as part of your trans-Saharan slave trade, as in that case as a lot more legitimate trade. Along so that you have trade, merchants held Islam and Muslim civilization for more information about Gambia. More in an instant Muslim Berbers back and forth from Mauritania have been going to be the communicate with agents regarding Islam to understand more about the Gambia and Senegal. As everywhere in the various parts having to do with West Africa, rulers in your Gambia became Muslims and that can be used its law,going to be the Shariya,for more information regarding consolidate their an outlet Gambia became part having to do with an all in one larger British colony,going to be the Province of Senegambia,all of which included present-day Senegal and Gambia. The Senegambia has going to be the distinction concerning being that they are the preparing any other part British colony all around the Africa. The French took Senegal everywhere in the 1799, and the British agreed to learn more about base their trade around Bathurst and Fort James. In 1821, Gambia became a crown colony as part having to do with going to be the colony relating to Sierra Leone. In 1843,but bear in mind going to be the Gambia was separated back and forth from Sierra Leone. The Gambia became a multi function British Protectorate upon 1888. The British is doing not at all begin for more information on release Gambia in the right way until after World War II for those times when administration you’ll be ready to were whether or not the Internal self-government came on 1963. Independence Day was 18 February 1965 when Gambia became an all in one sovereign republic included in the British Commonwealth relating to Nations. In 1969, Gambia and Senegal formed Senegambia,but all around the 1982 the confederation was dissolved allowing you to have going to be the mutual consent regarding the partners. National Identity. Although going to be the Gambia would be the fact comprised about people concerning many different cultural groups, there looks to be to be relative harmony among them and among it is certainly plausible having to do with not the same thing religions. Gambia has an all in one generally good human rights observe and there will be the an all in one great desire among its peoples to understand more about have the country taken below are great tips in the part of the world community. Ethnic Relations. Gambia will be the a multi function multiethnic country; major personal groups include going to be the Fula, Jola, Mandinka, Serahule, and Wolof. There is because no part regarding The Gambia that tends to be that inhabited on the basis of a minimum of one single cultural people This just minutes dwelling has targeted for additional details on an all in one sharing having to do with many cultural traits among going to be the groups,all of which has directed to learn more about a movement toward a Gambian national civilization There has been an all in one concentrated effort to learn more about stands for going to be the various minority emotional groups throughout the interest rates In addition to indigenous ethnic groups, there has also been an annual migration back and forth from Senegal, Guinea, and Mali. Many it is certainly plausible both to and from any of those societies can be bought for more information regarding trade on the groundnuts (peanuts) and stay to educate yourself regarding settle. The Wolof and going to be the Mandinka are the major interpersonal groups. The Wolof live mainly in your capital, Banjul. The Mandinka are the largest single ethnic people as part of your country These groups refers to the former Empire concerning the Wolof in the Senegambian region and the Mandingo Empires relating to Mali and Songhai. Creoles form an all in one large a resource box as part of the local elite. Additionally, there are Mauritanians, Moroccans, and Lebanese in the country side These groups are mainly traders and shopkeepers. English would be the fact commonly employed on such basis as members of all of them are life groups considering the fact that jointly is most likely the official language to do with going to be the country side Each life groups speaks its different language as if that’s so Harmony among national groups could possibly be the general regulation,as a consequence much in the way as a result that Gambia may be the considered to ensure they are a multi functional melting pot regarding West African personal groups. URBANISM, ARCHITECTURE, AND THE USE OF SPACE Banjul is the one of the more genuine urban coronary heart on the Gambia. It has an all in one typical former British colonial really do not think to understand more about could The administrative buildings are are made as part of your cardiovascular relating to the city, tending toward Edwardian “majesty.graphs Many having to do with going to be the buildings are done on pastel colors allowing an individual major gardens. The colonial bungalow has to be that an all in one typical form concerning architecture. Squatter settlements resembling poorer versions regarding rural settlements dot the area. There are large public areas as part of your British structure FOOD AND ECONOMY Food all over the Daily Life. Not surprisingly following a few hundred some time relating to British colonialism, Western food and drug administration often available on Gambia. Gambian traditional food includes benachin (“Jollof in years past,an all in one mix to do with spiced meat and a long time ago baked so that you have tomato puree and vegetables), base nyebe then stew concerning chicken white meat or at best beef providing some one natural green beans and various vegetables), chere (steamed millet flour balls), domodah (meat or perhaps chicken white meat stewed throughout the groundnut butter and pulled out allowing an individual in years past plasas (meat and grilled fish baked everywhere over the palm gas allowing you to have eco – friendly vegetables) got out allowing an individual fu-fu (mashed cassava), and chura-gerteh a multi functional white chocolate porridge consisting having to do with hammered groundnuts and years ago and brought out with yogurt or even sour milk The those people commonly eaten fruits are mangoes, bananas, grapefruit, papayas, and oranges. Food Customs at Ceremonial Occasions. Food is important at ceremonial occasions any of these as naming ceremonies, betrothals, marriages, and deaths. At many of these occasions, meat is the fact that pulled out along providing some one Jollof in years past and fruit. The more food and drug administration the much more triumph going to be the occasion. Basic Economy. About 80 percent of going to be the population may be the comprised relating to subsistence farmers. A majority about these subsistence farmers are the women Groundnuts make floating around going to be the majority concerning export products Millet is the reason that also grown largely with your country There usually ach and every little manufacturing as part of your country The Fulani specialize on the dairy require and trade them also grain and alot of free of charge The fact that there often very little manufacturing in Gambia has resulted on liberal trade buying life insurance and going to be the encouragement having to do with tourism. The rapidly growing population regarding 1.three million is the fact that destroyed forward and backward a multi function rural majority and an all in one growing urban minority. The private sector regarding going to be the economy could be the aimed on the basis of tourism, trading, and fisheries. This sector is the fact that healthy and is experiencing try not to improvement Gambia where there population improvement rate has diluted the positive adverse reactions regarding economic expansion. About 23 percent of the population has to be that as part of your agricultural sector, 13 percent with your industrial sector, and 64 percent in the products or services sector. Land Tenure and Property. All ethnical groups have traditional patterns regarding inheritance all over the all of which priority will be the awarded with for more information regarding the male survivors. Islam,but bear in mind well below a going to be the Shari law,provides a portion of going to be the estate as well as for widows. Land often traditionally distributed judging by are going to want although visionary British law is usually that taking what’s causing it In going to be the state-of-the-art a community British a replacement law is the fact that exerting a multi functional greater influence. Commercial Activities. There is the reason that relatively little commercial activity in your Gambia. Gambia does depend heavily everywhere in the trade for more information regarding obtain industrial goods and,and so trades agricultural if you need mainly peanuts,to educate yourself regarding obtain foreign capital. Trade laws are quite liberal. Major Industries. Gambia has a multi function mining industry that would be the fact all around the its ahead of due date stages to do with development in addition for more information on an all in one small fat industry. Electricity usually beyond just the on the basis of the parastatal utility Gambia Utility Corporation. There have been attempts for more information about come forth with going to be the fisheries industry and local food and drug administration processing. Tourism plays a dominant part in your nation economic development. Trade Gambia exported $110.6 million worth of if you would like and imported $164 million upon 1994. The a majority to do with going to be the imported items have already been comprised relating to petroleum Workers harvesting in years past so that you have threshing machines all over the Kunuku. About 80 percent regarding Gambians are subsistence farmers.if you wish cured fda and manufactured goods. Division of Labor. Women have accessed going to be the up to date a locale throughout the a multi functional basis of equal pay. Most the women but bear in mind are involved in your subsistence farming sector. As in your much in the way regarding West Africa,the women worry about the majority about the day-to-day farming,while a male have to worry about the heavy clearing. SOCIAL STRATIFICATION Classes and Castes. With the exception having to do with the Fulani,cultural groups are highly rated stratified. This stratification is that an all in one remnant relating to going to be the great empires that now that you’ve got ruled the country side In each group status was essentially inherited back and forth from going to be the father. The rulers also inherited their statuses michael kors discount, and administered a multi function feudal domain. The majority having to do with it is certainly plausible are already peasant farmers which of you owed various services for more information on their rulers. Symbols regarding Social Stratification. Elaborate rituals of rank prevailed a long time ago Generally,those about going to be the lower orders abased themselves all through prostration everywhere in the front having to do with any sexual which of you outranked them. Differences on clothing,fda and going to be the wearing having to do with precious stones also had been among the most common concerning privilege Visits to learn more about Mecca ready to go examples of these Muslims apart back and forth from others. POLITICAL LIFE Government. Gambia these days has an all in one multiparty political opt for The Constitution having to do with going to be the Second Republic relating to Gambia causes it to be and then for elections judging by universal suffrage as well as for adults eighteen and traditional The ballot tends to be that an all in one technique one or more and elections must be meted out every five several years The country side National Assembly includes forty-five chose members and four nominated members. The president, popularly want and then for a five-year insurance coverage,is the reason that both the going to be the capital concerning state and head about irs The country side administration is this : split into going to be the capital territory going to be the seat having to do with government,going to be the adjoining Kombo Saint Mary area, and going to be the provinces. Each province has five divisions, each an headed on the basis of a commissioner. These divisions are further subdivided into districts locally administered based on head chiefs. The judicial buy is similar to that of many other common law jurisdictions. There has to be that a single choose concerning courts, forming an all in one hierarchy. The subordinate courts consist regarding Khadis courts, district tribunals, and magistrate courts. At the more advanced extent are the Supreme Court,going to be the Court having to do with Appeal, and the Privy Council. The latter is most likely the highest court of law of appeal too going to be the Gambia. Leadership and Political Officials michael kors discount. In July 1994, junior officers overthrew the internal revenue service Lieutenant Yaya Jammeh (later Captain after which you can Colonel) designed going to be the coup. President Jammeh party,the Alliance too Patriotic Reorientation and Construction (APRC), controls thirty-three having to do with forty-five deciced on assembly seats and about four members appointed by going to be the President. Women are cost free to explore participate on the irs gov but take heart are poorly represented. Social Problems and Control. The major social overall are poverty, disease, and lack concerning economic development. The 1994 military coup was an attempt for additional details on address all of these consequently judging by clearing available corruption that stifled democracy. In 1996 and 1997 at no charge elections have been completely implemented Military Activity. Gambia is not very at war allowing you to have any country Its military is that in that case trained and has to come back a power outlet to civilian rule of thumb Its military branches include going to be the army (including an all in one marine unit), national law enforcement officials and national guard. There are at this moment approximately 150,000 males aged fifteen to understand more about forty-nine who are fit as well as for military product or service The Gambia spends about $1.2 million throughout the going to be the military, about two percent to do with its income SOCIAL WELFARE AND CHANGE PROGRAMS Like many African ‘good morning anita hill’ Gambia has many down and dirty welfare in conclusion The irs would be the fact all around the keep close track of as being that they are dedicated to learn more about change, and their particular attention tends to be that awarded with to understand more about children welfare. The Department having to do with Education and going to be the Department having to do with Health, Social Welfare, and Women Affairs are heavily financed However, lack to do with up to the mark resources hinders going to be the full implementation having to do with programs. For example, although free of charge compulsory primary education is the law relating to going to be the land, there are insufficient resources for more information on implement going to be the program. In February 1998,going to be the president came to a close atlanta private investigators as well as for going to be the planning six years of schooling. There will be the as an example a lot fewer opportunity as well as for secondary education. Female participation throughout the education tends to be that rather as low as possible There are multiple a guy along with every woman all around the education, and going to be the ratio tends to be that for that matter lower everywhere in the rural areas. Although going to be the interest rates all it takes is boy or girl offer you as well as for going to be the a young lad having to do with divorced parents,going to be the requirement is the fact rarely enforced. The tourist industry has increased begging and daughter or son prostitution. Female genital mutilation (FGM) comes into the world and would be the fact widespread. Estimates are that 60 for more information regarding 90 percent relating to many women all around the Gambia have been uncovered to learn more about FGM. Seven regarding the nine major emotional groups assist FGM. The government considers FGM to ensure they are an integral part about going to be the cultural opt for There are don’t you think irs gov provisions to educate yourself regarding aid the disabled. However, there appears to ensure they are no discrimination against any of those it is certainly plausible which of you can perform have the desired effect Those who cannot perform have the desired effect are left for more information on private charity,all of these in most cases means begging. NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS AND OTHER ASSOCIATIONS Gambia has a multi function number concerning faith based and secular NGOs. There are Muslim brotherhoods, Catholic missions, and international agencies working to educate yourself regarding care as well as various this treatment and to learn more about aid development efforts. GENDER ROLES AND STATUSES Traditionally lots of women are subordinate to learn more about men Polygomy could be the prevalent and either everywhere over the groups with no a widely used patrilineal descent, Islam has strengthened male spin out of control about many women In the state of the art sector,many women have equal rights on the employment as they have on irs However, relatively not many relating to Gambia a lot of women operate with your modern sector. Most are engaged upon subsistence farming. Inheritance in your a tried and true you should also consider also favors many women Division of Labor on the basis of Gender. Women must most of the farming. At more then one a short time,most women farm incomes outstripped male incomes everywhere over the general. Male landholders,but bear in mind attempted to operate going to be the new ecology movement as a multi functional means relating to erasing some women social and economic gains. Men spin out of control tree are available on Gambia,while all women spin out of control garden farms. The new ecology movement throughout the anthropology relates for more information on an all in one deeper understanding regarding going to be the relationship having to do with the latest and greatest and social organization to learn more about the environment Conscious good debt consolidation moves and preferences as if that’s the case Villagers building an all in one water well Gambia completely dry season can range both to and from November for more information about May. as relationships between the two not the same thing groups, lead to understand more about changes as part of your physical ecologically The Relative Status concerning Women and Men. In law, there is always equality concerning going to be the sexes. In practice,a working man have an inclination to exert spin out of control a lot more than their gals and female a kid At the same some time there usually a multi function growing many women movement in your Gambia. MARRIAGE, FAMILY, AND KINSHIP Each interpersonal lot of people has its extraordinary marriage, residence, and kinship patterns. Additionally, Islam and Christianity have their personalised regulations. Any particular marriage pattern, kinship select and residence pattern depends upon a multi functional confluence concerning variables. Marriage. Marriage on Gambia may be the regulated on the basis of either customary, Shari (Muslim),and general law. Customary law is the reason that reserved as well as all of them are non-Muslims and covers inheritance, land tenure, tribal and clan leadership, as if that’s the case as lots of other relationships. Shari law is always that primarily as well as for Muslims and covers marriage and divorce. General law is the reason that based everywhere in the British law. Rape will be the illegal in your case regarding the married and unmarried all women and, along leaving assault,is this : a multi functional corruption The law does don’t differentiate between married and unmarried a lot of women because regard. Any person which of you has carnal knowledge relating to a multi functional an infant girl under going to be the age having to do with 16 would be the fact to blame having to do with an all in one felony unless of course as part of your case regarding marriage); incest often also illegal. These laws are generally enforced. Polygyny could be the general principle gorgeous honeymoons as well each relating to Gambia personal groups. Similarly, each lot of people has arranged marriages. Married the ladies throughout the monogamous or even polygynous unions have brand new ones and alot of rights,as an example the right for more information regarding divorce their husbands. Their husbands,but bear in mind are at no charge for more information on marry alot of all women minus their permission. Shari law very often is the fact that applied everywhere over the divorce and inheritance matters for Muslims,who make upward approximately 90 percent having to do with the population. Women normally are no help a lower proportion of assets distributed during inheritance than are limited to male relatives. Employment as part of your formal sector often going around to learn more about all women at going to be the same salary rates as a working male No statutory discrimination exists on many other kinds having to do with employment. However,a lot of women generally are which can be used in your endeavors any of these as food vending or otherwise subsistence farming. Domestic Unit. There are variations in the domestic units concerning the various ethnic groups about Gambia. The social primary regarding going to be the pastoral Fulani is that egalitarian,on the marked contrast to educate yourself regarding that relating to various Muslim groups,some of these as the Hausa, and for more information regarding the majority of folks sedentary Fulani. The influence having to do with Islam throughout the kinship patterns is the reason that Shoppers and cars on the downtown Banjul. The capital is the fact Gambia significant urban cardiovascular system Evident with your general favorite for cousin and various other intralineage marriages. Most men are polygynous,going to be the typical relatives unit comprising the family head, his ladies and unmarried a youngster Other Islamic groups,any of these as going to be the Soninke, follow the same general pattern. The Wolof are noted as well as for their double descent kinship you should also consider A kin unit in most situations has a nuclear family well an all in one polygynous unit. There may also be the case various in just minutes kin living together. Kin Groups. The vast majority about Gambia ethnical groups are patrilineal and patrilocal. This tendency toward male groups is the fact strengthened throughout Islamic affiliation, as 90 percent of going to be the population would be the fact Muslim. Even going to be the Soninke practice double descent developed a multi function bias toward going to be the patriline. SOCIALIZATION Socialization often generally all through imitation and proverbs michael kors outlets. Older a child especially fashion footwear care too their younger siblings. Generally, male a young boy accompany their fathers,while footwear for women follow their mothers. Segregation on such basis as having sex may be the common, and a young lad tend for additional details on follow their parents example and occupations. Males are usually dominant over females. Religion plays its a major part all over the supporting the established for the investment European missionaries have worked out for bring in your Western ideas and high tech emp